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Institute Studies Clash Between Wind and Raptors

environmentclean technologywildlife

A new organization is working to balance wind energy expansion with protection for birds of prey. Dr. Judd Howell, the inaugural Research Director at the American Wind and Wildlife Institute (AWWI), brings expertise in both wind energy impacts and raptor conservation from his previous work in the Altiplano region.

The Challenge

Raptors face particular vulnerability since they exist in smaller populations than other bird species. As Howell noted: “Birds fly into things.” Beyond wind turbines, human infrastructure like “buildings, automobiles and power lines” poses similar hazards.

Why Raptors Are Vulnerable

Population Characteristics

Behavioral Factors

Case Study: Altamont Pass

California’s Altamont Pass Wind Farm, among the world’s oldest and largest, illustrates the problem. A 2005 report documented between 1,870 to 4,310 annual bird deaths across 31 species.

Altamont’s Unique Challenges

Howell emphasized the facility lacked adequate planning, developed hastily during the 1970s energy crisis using smaller, less efficient turbines than modern installations.

Historical Context

Why Altamont Is Particularly Problematic

Species Affected

The impact fell disproportionately on protected species:

Mitigation Strategies

Recent efforts show promise through various approaches:

Turbine Shutdowns

Iberdrola Renewables reduced bat mortality by 53-87% through selective nighttime shutdowns during low-wind conditions.

How It Works

Applicability to Raptors

Visual Deterrents

Blade painting experiments have shown potential but remain unimplemented at scale.

Theoretical Benefits

Implementation Barriers

Site Selection

Proper location assessment represents the most critical prevention factor.

Best Practices

Avoidance Criteria

Modern Turbine Design Advantages

Newer wind facilities differ significantly from Altamont:

Technological Improvements

Fewer, Larger Turbines

Safety Features

Siting Improvements

Modern projects incorporate:

The AWWI Model

The American Wind and Wildlife Institute brings together conservation groups, industry, and NGOs to develop proactive solutions while advancing renewable energy infrastructure responsibly.

Collaborative Approach

Stakeholder Inclusion

Benefits of Collaboration

Research Priorities

Broader Wildlife Considerations

While raptors receive significant attention, wind facilities affect other species:

Bats

Migratory Birds

Local Species

Balancing Energy and Conservation

The fundamental challenge involves advancing clean energy while protecting wildlife:

The Climate Imperative

Conservation Priorities

Solutions Framework

Effective approaches require:

Preventive Measures

  1. Smart siting: Avoid high-risk areas
  2. Pre-construction assessment: Understand risks before building
  3. Design optimization: Use safest turbine configurations
  4. Capacity concentration: Fewer sites with larger capacity

Operational Modifications

  1. Selective shutdown: Stop turbines during high-risk periods
  2. Detection systems: Automated bird sensing and response
  3. Habitat management: Reduce attractiveness to prey
  4. Monitoring programs: Track impacts and adjust practices

Policy and Regulation

  1. Siting guidelines: Clear standards for location decisions
  2. Impact assessment requirements: Mandatory wildlife studies
  3. Mitigation enforcement: Ensuring promised measures implemented
  4. Adaptive management: Adjusting based on monitoring results

Research Gaps

Understanding and mitigating impacts requires additional research:

Priority Questions

Methodological Challenges

Economic Considerations

Wildlife protection has economic implications:

Costs

Benefits

Looking Forward

Successful wind energy expansion requires:

Industry Commitment

Regulatory Framework

Continued Innovation

Conclusion

The conflict between wind energy and raptors isn’t insurmountable. Through:

The wind industry can expand while minimizing wildlife impacts.

Organizations like the American Wind and Wildlife Institute demonstrate that environmental protection and renewable energy development need not be in conflict. By bringing stakeholders together around shared goals—clean energy and healthy ecosystems—practical solutions emerge that serve both objectives.

As Dr. Howell’s work shows, understanding the specific challenges facing raptors enables targeted solutions. Rather than abandoning wind energy or accepting unacceptable wildlife mortality, thoughtful approaches can thread the needle, providing clean energy while protecting the magnificent birds of prey that soar through the same skies as turbine blades.